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J. GALKINS.

LAMP.

No. 81.749. Patented Sept. 1, 1868.

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JAMES 'cA-L'KuNs, OF NEW YORK, N. .Y.

Letters Patent No. 81,749, dated September 1, 1868.

IMPRGVEMENT IN LAMPS.

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TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, JAMES OALKINS, of the city, county, and State of New Yer lg, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Lamps for burning petroleum and other hydrocarbomfluids; and I do hereby declare thotthc following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being bad to-the accompanying drawing, it

being a. central vertical section of hue of my improved lamps.

My invention consists in the construction of lamps n'ith a divided reservoir for oil, the supply portionof which communicates, by means of a tube passing through-a channel of water or other cooling-medium, with the wick-chamber, whereby the oil, which is in direct consumption by the burner, is kept ata lower temperature than the surrounding atmosphere, and also in providing the consumption-reservoir with an annular insulatingspace, andalso in providing for the escape of vapors from the consumption-chamber directly to the surrounding atmosphereat a safe distance from the burner through the insulating-space, all as hereinafter set forth The object of my improvement is to obviate the danger of explosions in hydrocorbomoil lamps, by'keeping that which is in the wick-chamber always'cool',.both by passing it through water and by intercepting the heat which thepil is liable to absorb from the heat-of the burner and surrounding atmosphere, and also by allowing a free escape for the vapors.

As represented in the drawing, A is the main reservoir for-oil; B isa chamber filled with water orother cooling-substance, most conveniently placed in the base of the lamp; 0, a duct or coil, which conducts the oil from Aithrough the water-chamber and into the consumption-chamber D. E is the Wick, and F is the burner, which may be of any desirable kind. 7 I

The wick-chamber D is comparatively small, and occupies the centre of the large reservoir. It is provided with unintervening air-chamber, G, betweenthc two. As the cilia A is liable to become warm from heat absorbed from the burner, the air-spaceG, being non-conducting, prevents the oil in D, which has been cooled by passing through the coil C, from being raised iu temperature. The oil stands at the same level in both chambers, and there being only suilicicnt i n D to keep the wick well supplied, the evaporation therefrom is slight, but I provide for the free escape oflauy vapor which may arise, by means of perforations h h placednear the top, but some distance below the flame.

Corresponding apertures 7L are made in the outer wall, but covered with wire gauzeiz', to prevent the vapor from igniting in theinterior of the lamp should these openings be exposed to flame. By thus providing for keeping the portion of immediate supply cool, and allowing free escape of the volatile portions through the two walls enclosing the supply-chamber D, the possibility of explosions is obviated, and even oils of a dangerous gravity, or naphtha, may be burned in this lamp with safety. Explosions cannot occur from internal pressure,

for any vapors-which arise in the reservoir A find escape directly through the gauze openings 2' 2', a-space being left at 2', between the wall of the lamp and the outer partition of G, forthat purpose.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, isv i 1. The divided chamber, consisting of the reservoir A and consumption-chamber D, in combination with the duct or coil C, and water-chamber 13, arranged and operating substantially as and for the-purposes set forth. 2. I also claim the intervening air-space G between the chambers A and D, as and for the purposes'set forth. In witness whereof, I have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two subscribi'ng'witnesses. JAMES OALKINS. Witnesses:

J. FRASER, Romzn'r W. Pnossn'n. 

